Hip Hop And Rap :: essays research papers

The most widely accepted definition of rap music is spoken words with a rhythm of bass, drums, and keyboard sounds. The words are spoken over the music and the accents and emphasis on words is important. Hip Hop is defined as the accompanying background music but is often used as a synonym to rap music. In this paper I will show how rap got its start and evolved into the culture we know today as hip hop. Influences on rap music started as early as the 1940’s when Rhythm & Blues and Jazz included many of the elements that make up rap music. Rap music became its own genre of music in the 1970’s when DJ’s from New York, such as DJ Lovebug, DJ Cool Herc and DJ Hollywood, began manipulating, and scratching, records to make rhythms, beats, and other sounds. As this took place the rapper would speak over the music using rhymes. The rapper would use emphasis and accents with their lyrics. In 1979 the Sugar Hill Gang marketed the first rap single with their hit â€Å"Rapper’s Delight†. This forced the world to acknowledge that rap was a force in the music industry. In 1982, with the release of the single â€Å"The Message† by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, rap music took on a new purpose. The song stated the hardships of living in the â€Å"ghetto† of New York as is shown in the chorus of the song. â€Å"Don’t push me, cause I’m close to the edge, I’m trying not to loose my head, It’s like a jungle sometimes, It makes me wonder, How I keep from going under.† In 1986 sampling was developed. Rap artists would use beats, rhythms, background music, and sometimes exact lyrics from previously recorded songs and incorporate them into their recordings. They often used a machine, known as a sampler, to replicate the existing sounds and tracks. Sampling led to problems, however. Musicians whose music was used in other songs saw no profit from the sampling. This led to many lawsuits. Also, fans felt betrayed that the rappers didn’t come up with their own music as they had in the earlier days of rap. Considered the â€Å"Fathers of Hip Hop†, Run DMC pioneered rap music in the 1980’s. The group consisted of three men. Joseph Simmons (Run), Darrly McDaniels (DMC), and Jason Mizell (Jam Master Jay) made up the most influential rap group of all time.

20,000 Leagues Under The Sea Essay -- essays research papers

Intellect, Precision, Courtesy; The Makings of a Leader   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ocean swells around you like a dust devil in a sandbox. Salt water fills your nostrils. The ship that deemed this fate upon you sails into the distance. You wonder, how am I going to get out of this one? Suddenly, a large metal object plants itself beneath your feet. A porthole opens and men carry you inside the belly of the large iron beast floating nether you. What’s going to happen now? In Jules Verne’s Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, this is exactly what main characters M. Aronmax, his servant Conseil, and Ned Land the harpooner, were thinking. After a hefty six-hour wait of being locked in a dark cell, the door opens. A man who introduces himself as Captain Nemo, an obvious leader and a man of stature, claims to have built the submersible in order to travel the world without ever having to step back on the land which he so greatly rejects. Reflection on the qualities of leadership reveals how Captain Nemo’s character enabled him t o do exactly this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is soon apparent that Captain Nemo a man of keen intellect. His knowledge of the sea, the many languages he speaks, and the education he has given his men all contribute the success of his ship’s goal, to explore. Examples of his intelligence are rampant throughout the novel. In a burial at sea the captain decided to envelop the body, not only in a coral reef, but also in byssus to seal it for eternity and protect it from sharks. The uncommon understanding of the effects of byssus, or other plant life, demonstrates his depth of research. Using one’s intellect to benefit practical concerns instills admiration and confidence in those serving you. His many years of study also contributed to a broad knowledge of languages: “ ‘Gentlemen’,'; said he, in a calm and penetrating voice, ‘I speak French, English, German, and Latin equally well’ ';. Knowing many languages is essential to becoming a great sea captain for you never k now when or where you might travel. Nemo also has the ability to apply his knowledge into educating his men. It was his genius mind that taught them where to gather, and piece together, the components that would later become the Nautilus. All in all, Captain Nemo is... ...e in an inferior position to oneself. With his respectful attitude, the captain is able to put his “guests'; at ease. “The island of Ceylon, noted for it’s pearl-fisheries. Would you like to visit one of them M. Aronmax?'; Offering options to those with little control over their lives bestows them with a sense of power, however false it may be. A courteous attitude goes a long way to establish positive long-term relationships among those who may be spending extended periods of time together.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many qualities are in force to make a great leader. Captain Nemo has all of these. His well developed mind allowed him to not only deal with the technological details of the submersible, but also to deal with those around him in an advantageous way. The smooth running of any business is enhanced by attention to the smallest details. Nemo had a great capacity for the minutia of both his life and his work. A successful business depends on the respect a leader gains from his workers. When the captain showed respect he received respect in return. The three prisoners could consider themselves fortunate to be in the hands of such a leader.

Essay --

You all know the Chocolate Company: Hershey's; but where did it all begin? As with Walt Disney, it started with a dream. A dream that a certain person could rule the candy market. This certain person is Milton Snavely Hershey. Milton Hershey founded Hershey’s Chocolate Company in 1900. Did you know that his first product wasn't chocolate? No, he created and sold many other confections; his greatest being caramel. His highest achievement of all was creating the world's largest candy manufacturing company today. Milton S. Hershey learned most of his work from Joe Royer, the owner of an Ice Cream Parlor and Garden. Joe Royer taught Milton for four years until he quit. Milton didn't quit because he didn't like the apprenticeship. No, he quit to start his own confectionary business. Milton S. Hershey gave this world a company that changed the way we see chocolate today. Milton Snavely Hershey was born on September 13th, 1857. Hershey didn’t start off with candy right away. Young Milton was sometimes very clumsy and made mistakes. Sam Ernst, a person who started Milton off with an appren...

Online Learning

There are debates nowadays over online learning versus traditional learning. The article titled â€Å"Why Online Education Works†. It targets on the positive aspects of online college classes. The article states that online learning changes how universities teach which in turn there are significant advantages to it. The author, Alex Tabarrok describes the advantages of online education as leverage, which includes that the college student possesses the opportunity to be taught by the finest instructors, teachers can easily access more students, it can be time-saving, and it gives the student flexibility as well as more individualized teaching. I selected this subject because I understand the importance of online education and I as well think it is a great alternative to attending class. Many students nowadays are not the conventional learner and have to work and don't possess the time to commit in a classroom because of the type of employment I do. Needing to work a full-time job without having a regular schedule can make it tough to make it to school in time, this really is a primary reason it does work best for me. There is a lot to consider when deciding which course type, online or conventional will work best for you so you must be sure you are taking into account all sides, weighing out the advantages and drawbacks. The discussion Alex Tabarrok is establishing in the article is that online learning is significantly increasing the productivity and quality of educating. The argument relies on the author's analysis regarding how there has been little change to educational institutions that had been in a position to maintain their existence and how online education can possibly reach more students. He provides examples of the drawbacks to late night classes and how fatigue generally sets in after 9:30 pm. He also offers the argument of learners not being able to retain as much when they take a night course or their instructor being as sharp as they need to be due to the fatigue. The quality of knowledge being given or what the student is retaining will decrease due to being exhausted. The student will never be giving their best and they will not be getting the best from their instructor either (Tabarrok, 2012). Alex Tabarrok claims that the learners can be taught by the best instructors online and teachers may teach students from worldwide. To support this claim he uses the example of how his 15-minute TED talk video was among his best 15 minutes of teaching and was viewed over 700,000 times. That is similar to 175,000 student hours. Though TED talks are not regarded as a course that can count toward a degree, these are totally free and we can learn from them. He compares teaching today to a stage play, and online education is more similar to a movie. The reasons used to back up the claim of quality in the instructor is because, for a movie, the actors are better compared to the typical stage actor. Movie actors are better than the average stage actor for the reason that you have more time to prepare to be sure it is your best work. This is one-way online education leverages the power of the best instructors (Tabarrok, 2012). This is often regarded as biased since he is making the assumption that an online teacher is superior to a classroom teacher. Comparing a classroom teacher to a stage actor and an online instructor to a movie star is not a good explanation. An objection referred to with online education is the fact the classroom experience provides a greater opportunity for individualized learning, Alex Tabarrok see's it as the exact opposite.His argument is because online learning may be much more customized because you are not sitting in a classroom with 100 different students, it is more one on one along with you and the teacher. You will have the chance to ask questions and interact with the professor along with other individuals through electronic mail and discussion posts. His analysis demonstrated that at Virginia Tech, classes of 100-plus are not uncommon. It can be difficult for anyone in the classroom to have a chance to ask questions due to if every student has a question to ask, you will not have any time for the lesson. An example provided is in a class of 50, in the event that each learner got a question, there would be no time for a lecture. Questions could be asked at any time and do not interfere with a session. Also, professors who teach online courses are placed to a greater slandered due to the possibility of review. Which means that errors made by the teacher through online learning are easily caught through the classroom, the likelihood is no one is going to catch it. For instance, in the event that a student asks an instructor a question in the classroom, the teacher may answer incorrectly and it would most likely never be caught however this is not the case with online courses in which everything the instructor communicates is documented. He additionally points out that when in a classroom and 20% of the class requires something repeated, 80% of the students that got it are experiencing to hear it over again while the online students are actually in power over what they need to listen to the second time (Tabarrok, 2012).The most significant benefit of online learning is the flexibility. You can focus on your assignments when it is most convenient for you given that online programs offer 24/7 accessibility to the lesson's materials. A number of individuals may do their best work in the morning while some might at night, this allows you to do your work in the course of the hours you will be most productive (Hickey, 2017). It also helps if you are working full time and can't conveniently make it to school.Although Alex Tabarrok has a credential as an author, co-author, chairperson, director of research and co-founder of the online educational platform Marginal Revolution University and Professor of Economics at George Mason University, his arguments do not possess a lot of credibilities and are biased. For example, he uses the Ted Talk comparing it to teaching which is assuming that viewing the video is the equivalent of learning. He also fails to provide any specific counterarguments in his article to compare any other side. Although he gives numerous examples to back up his reasons he fails to present outside resources to back up each of his claims. Without having outside sources, it is hard to understand if the information he is providing in his argument is reliable or not.My point of view of my alternative argument is the fact that online learning can work and does provide many advantages. My premise is that technology has a positive roll in student learning since it is convenient and you obtain faster feedback on online education. I produce this claim as a result of the e-assessments which have been carried out and the results for online learning have been positive. This argument considers the effect of e-assessments. An e-assessment is referred to as the iterative procedures of developing what, how much and how well students are learning with regards to the education goals and projected results in an effort to inform designed formative feedback and support further learning (Baleni, A.G. pg2). A number of weak points in this argument are that online education might not work for everyone and additional research needs to be done to conclude if it is in fact better.An opposing side of the argument that I notice is the fact there is an intense requirement for self-discipline and although technology can play a positive role there can be limitations also. Alex Tabarrok doesn't discuss either of them in his argument of how online education is better nevertheless I consent that this could be an issue. When it comes to self-discipline, the article mentions how meeting the deadlines for assignments and tests can be hard unless you possess time management techniques and organization skill sets to stay on top of your work. With regards to the technological innovation, you must be sure that you always have accessibility to the internet considering that for any reason your system crashes or perhaps you don't have accessibility to the web you will have a backup plan.personally, I think that as a result of online education works for me, I am can be biased. The flexibility has afforded me the possibility to continue my learning while working full time. I don't always catch on as fast as other individuals so I need more time to work on assignments and usually require additional clarification on precisely what is expected however I am still capable to get it done due to the overall flexibility. In a classroom, I don't think I would feel at ease asking questions so it is less difficult online in which the communication between learners and the teacher is mainly one on one. I want to be open-minded and examine all sides of the arguments and feel that online education will work but may not be for everybody.Basically, I feel that online learning is beneficial but you need to be very self-disciplined and make sure you stay in front of your work and be prepared for any kind of challenges you may encounter. You have to create a connection with the professor and peers and stay engaged in the discussions. It will be helpful to be computer literate making sure you are utilizing all assets provided to you by the school.My initial opinions after reading Alex Tabarrok's article was that he made many legitimate points. That was not until I conducted further research and allowed myself to step back, reevaluate and ask questions that I understood his article was way more one-sided and biased. The questions I looked at to answer were, exactly what resources did he use, was his argument based upon facts and evidence or maybe opinions, furthermore, did he offer reasons why you should support his statements that were convincing. I had to ask myself how strong was his argument and can I find leads to refute it based on evidence. I had to put in writing a number of reasons exactly why I supported his side and then the reason why I would not examine whether an individual could argue that with me. How certain was I of my argument? This assisted me to believe logically and provide you with my conclusion. I think everybody is a little biased but we have to make sure we are doing the proper research and holding an open mind. It truly is about the facts along with the proof to support the claim. Keeping an open mind and trying to concentrate on the facts and proof will help everyone greatly in our daily lives. Often we jump to conclusions and allow our emotions get in the way. I have usually said doing the right thing is normally the toughest and trying to not be biased and act on emotions can be extremely difficult. We are only human and will fall short every day, it is about striving our best to look at all sides and doing unto others as we want to be done unto us. Giving every person the benefit of the doubt. Online Learning There are debates nowadays over online learning versus traditional learning. The article titled â€Å"Why Online Education Works†. It targets on the positive aspects of online college classes. The article states that online learning changes how universities teach which in turn there are significant advantages to it. The author, Alex Tabarrok describes the advantages of online education as leverage, which includes that the college student possesses the opportunity to be taught by the finest instructors, teachers can easily access more students, it can be time-saving, and it gives the student flexibility as well as more individualized teaching. I selected this subject because I understand the importance of online education and I as well think it is a great alternative to attending class. Many students nowadays are not the conventional learner and have to work and don't possess the time to commit in a classroom because of the type of employment I do. Needing to work a full-time job without having a regular schedule can make it tough to make it to school in time, this really is a primary reason it does work best for me. There is a lot to consider when deciding which course type, online or conventional will work best for you so you must be sure you are taking into account all sides, weighing out the advantages and drawbacks. The discussion Alex Tabarrok is establishing in the article is that online learning is significantly increasing the productivity and quality of educating. The argument relies on the author's analysis regarding how there has been little change to educational institutions that had been in a position to maintain their existence and how online education can possibly reach more students. He provides examples of the drawbacks to late night classes and how fatigue generally sets in after 9:30 pm. He also offers the argument of learners not being able to retain as much when they take a night course or their instructor being as sharp as they need to be due to the fatigue. The quality of knowledge being given or what the student is retaining will decrease due to being exhausted. The student will never be giving their best and they will not be getting the best from their instructor either (Tabarrok, 2012). Alex Tabarrok claims that the learners can be taught by the best instructors online and teachers may teach students from worldwide. To support this claim he uses the example of how his 15-minute TED talk video was among his best 15 minutes of teaching and was viewed over 700,000 times. That is similar to 175,000 student hours. Though TED talks are not regarded as a course that can count toward a degree, these are totally free and we can learn from them. He compares teaching today to a stage play, and online education is more similar to a movie. The reasons used to back up the claim of quality in the instructor is because, for a movie, the actors are better compared to the typical stage actor. Movie actors are better than the average stage actor for the reason that you have more time to prepare to be sure it is your best work. This is one-way online education leverages the power of the best instructors (Tabarrok, 2012). This is often regarded as biased since he is making the assumption that an online teacher is superior to a classroom teacher. Comparing a classroom teacher to a stage actor and an online instructor to a movie star is not a good explanation. An objection referred to with online education is the fact the classroom experience provides a greater opportunity for individualized learning, Alex Tabarrok see's it as the exact opposite.His argument is because online learning may be much more customized because you are not sitting in a classroom with 100 different students, it is more one on one along with you and the teacher. You will have the chance to ask questions and interact with the professor along with other individuals through electronic mail and discussion posts. His analysis demonstrated that at Virginia Tech, classes of 100-plus are not uncommon. It can be difficult for anyone in the classroom to have a chance to ask questions due to if every student has a question to ask, you will not have any time for the lesson. An example provided is in a class of 50, in the event that each learner got a question, there would be no time for a lecture. Questions could be asked at any time and do not interfere with a session. Also, professors who teach online courses are placed to a greater slandered due to the possibility of review. Which means that errors made by the teacher through online learning are easily caught through the classroom, the likelihood is no one is going to catch it. For instance, in the event that a student asks an instructor a question in the classroom, the teacher may answer incorrectly and it would most likely never be caught however this is not the case with online courses in which everything the instructor communicates is documented. He additionally points out that when in a classroom and 20% of the class requires something repeated, 80% of the students that got it are experiencing to hear it over again while the online students are actually in power over what they need to listen to the second time (Tabarrok, 2012).The most significant benefit of online learning is the flexibility. You can focus on your assignments when it is most convenient for you given that online programs offer 24/7 accessibility to the lesson's materials. A number of individuals may do their best work in the morning while some might at night, this allows you to do your work in the course of the hours you will be most productive (Hickey, 2017). It also helps if you are working full time and can't conveniently make it to school.Although Alex Tabarrok has a credential as an author, co-author, chairperson, director of research and co-founder of the online educational platform Marginal Revolution University and Professor of Economics at George Mason University, his arguments do not possess a lot of credibilities and are biased. For example, he uses the Ted Talk comparing it to teaching which is assuming that viewing the video is the equivalent of learning. He also fails to provide any specific counterarguments in his article to compare any other side. Although he gives numerous examples to back up his reasons he fails to present outside resources to back up each of his claims. Without having outside sources, it is hard to understand if the information he is providing in his argument is reliable or not.My point of view of my alternative argument is the fact that online learning can work and does provide many advantages. My premise is that technology has a positive roll in student learning since it is convenient and you obtain faster feedback on online education. I produce this claim as a result of the e-assessments which have been carried out and the results for online learning have been positive. This argument considers the effect of e-assessments. An e-assessment is referred to as the iterative procedures of developing what, how much and how well students are learning with regards to the education goals and projected results in an effort to inform designed formative feedback and support further learning (Baleni, A.G. pg2). A number of weak points in this argument are that online education might not work for everyone and additional research needs to be done to conclude if it is in fact better.An opposing side of the argument that I notice is the fact there is an intense requirement for self-discipline and although technology can play a positive role there can be limitations also. Alex Tabarrok doesn't discuss either of them in his argument of how online education is better nevertheless I consent that this could be an issue. When it comes to self-discipline, the article mentions how meeting the deadlines for assignments and tests can be hard unless you possess time management techniques and organization skill sets to stay on top of your work. With regards to the technological innovation, you must be sure that you always have accessibility to the internet considering that for any reason your system crashes or perhaps you don't have accessibility to the web you will have a backup plan.personally, I think that as a result of online education works for me, I am can be biased. The flexibility has afforded me the possibility to continue my learning while working full time. I don't always catch on as fast as other individuals so I need more time to work on assignments and usually require additional clarification on precisely what is expected however I am still capable to get it done due to the overall flexibility. In a classroom, I don't think I would feel at ease asking questions so it is less difficult online in which the communication between learners and the teacher is mainly one on one. I want to be open-minded and examine all sides of the arguments and feel that online education will work but may not be for everybody.Basically, I feel that online learning is beneficial but you need to be very self-disciplined and make sure you stay in front of your work and be prepared for any kind of challenges you may encounter. You have to create a connection with the professor and peers and stay engaged in the discussions. It will be helpful to be computer literate making sure you are utilizing all assets provided to you by the school.My initial opinions after reading Alex Tabarrok's article was that he made many legitimate points. That was not until I conducted further research and allowed myself to step back, reevaluate and ask questions that I understood his article was way more one-sided and biased. The questions I looked at to answer were, exactly what resources did he use, was his argument based upon facts and evidence or maybe opinions, furthermore, did he offer reasons why you should support his statements that were convincing. I had to ask myself how strong was his argument and can I find leads to refute it based on evidence. I had to put in writing a number of reasons exactly why I supported his side and then the reason why I would not examine whether an individual could argue that with me. How certain was I of my argument? This assisted me to believe logically and provide you with my conclusion. I think everybody is a little biased but we have to make sure we are doing the proper research and holding an open mind. It truly is about the facts along with the proof to support the claim. Keeping an open mind and trying to concentrate on the facts and proof will help everyone greatly in our daily lives. Often we jump to conclusions and allow our emotions get in the way. I have usually said doing the right thing is normally the toughest and trying to not be biased and act on emotions can be extremely difficult. We are only human and will fall short every day, it is about striving our best to look at all sides and doing unto others as we want to be done unto us. Giving every person the benefit of the doubt.

Competency Goals Statement Ii

Competency Goals Statement II Goal: To advance physical and intellectual competence. It is essential to the growth and development of every child to advance their physical and intellectual needs. There are numerous ways to encourage this type of development. I offer a variety of activities that promote the advancement of the physical and intellectual competence of the children in my care. Children are encouraged to participate in daily large motor activities to enhance physical development. I do this by being very enthusiastic and even joining in with the children at play.Outside we play tag, ball, hopscotch, and other made up games. Inside we play parachute, and beanbag toss. I also communicate with the children and their parents about the importance of being physically active. In class we have discussions, and I send newsletters home to parents with ideas for activities. Children in my classroom get plenty of time for large motor activities and know why they are important to their health. I help children develop cognitive skills by encouraging them to try things out. For example, when it snowed this winter the children placed snowballs in the freezer and discovered that they froze into solid ice.They thought that the snow would stay the same rather than freeze, and were surprised that the snow froze. We discussed what happened and why it may have happened. Cognitive skills are used daily in our classroom and the children have fun developing them. Creativity is in the materials and interest areas throughout our classroom. Children have access to art supplies to create their own artwork. Paints, markers, pencils, crayons, and paper are available for children all the time. Many types of music are sung and played during the day.Children can use instruments and scarves to move with the music. Many different kinds of clothing can be found in the dramatic play area. In my classroom I help children learn, understand, and use words to communicate. This is done by enco uraging conversations throughout the classroom. I ask children about what they are during all the time. I also reminded them to use their words to express themselves when they are having a hard time communicating. Items are labeled around the room so that they can connect the words with the objects.I have a word wall in the writing center that contains new vocabulary every two weeks so that children are exposed to new words. The children in my classroom always have opportunities to develop their communication skills. In conclusion, it is essential to the growth and development of every child to advance their physical and intellectual needs. I do so many things in my daily schedule that promote Physical, Cognitive, Communication and Creativity. By the time my children in my classroom are ready to move up to the next room I am very confident that they are ready. Word Count: 466

Explore the dramatic significance Essay

This scene takes place a few weeks after Marco and Rodolfo are first introduced into the play. The last scene has a climatic ending with recognition of apparent sexual attraction between Rodolfo and Catherine. In this scene, it appears that the two young characters have developed a liaison and intimacy, much to Eddie’s chagrin. This selected scene reveals to the audience not only the development of a romance between Rodolfo and Catherine but also the start of the deterioration of Eddie and Beatrice’s relationship as a result of Eddie’s affection for Catherine. The scene like many within the play, is introduced by Alfieri who pronounces: â€Å"Eddie Carbone never expected to have a destiny† (P22) thereby implying Eddie’s imminent downfall, similar to other protagonists found in Greek tragedies. However, as this is a modern tragedy, no one character is particularly corrupt. Indeed, they are just ordinary people. As confirmed in Alfieri’s speech as he asserts: â€Å"A man works, raises his family, goes bowling†¦ † (P22) Yet even inconsequential individuals can have extraordinary lives, and Miller encapsulates this in the play through the perceptive Chorus of Alfieri. Marco and Rodolfo who arrived at the Carbone household a few weeks prior to events occurring in this scene, are beginning to sense Eddie’s distress. During this introductory meeting Eddie generates a disliking for Rodolfo, which the audience realize, as a result of the magnetism between his niece and Rodolfo. He begins to only address Marco deliberately excluding Rodolfo from his conversation. Towards the end of this scene, Rodolfo and Catherine begin openly flirting, and in the background Eddie is seen with â€Å"his face puffed with trouble,†(P22) illustrating to the audience his future anxieties and jealousy in the play. Alfieri opens the scene, acting similarly to the chorus in a Greek tragedy. He comments upon the action whilst also instilling ideas into the audience’s mind. Being a lawyer, the audience regard him as a good judge of character. This is illustrated when he ends his speech with, â€Å"Now, as the weeks passed, there was a future, there was a trouble that would not go away. â€Å"(P22) Hence the audience will be awaiting the scene, hoping to find out what more danger lies ahead for this disillusioned protagonist, Eddie Carbone. Being the Chorus, Alfieri never leaves the stage, the lights dim or come up at his desk but he remains as judge over Eddie’s actions. The only other characters on the stage are Eddie and Beatrice. At the start of the scene, Eddie is standing at the doorway of the house anxiously waiting for Catherine and Rodolfo to return home from the cinema. Beatrice enters from the street, she is about to enter the house when Eddie talks to her. Miller gives many stage directions at this point as he knows exactly how he wants the scene to play out. The tension in which this scene begins is indicative of what is about to happen. Miller employs Eddie, his tragic hero, in this scene. It becomes obvious as to what his fatal flaw is. The role of Eddie is directed to be aggressive in order to attempt to conceal his inner anguish. Eddie â€Å"looks away† from Beatrice several times during their encounter, suggesting that he is ashamed of his feelings and obsession. His actions also reflect his growing disinterest in Beatrice, his wife, which mixed with his expanding interest in their niece creates a highly complex and dangerous situation. Nonetheless, Beatrice acts as the good wife and â€Å"smiles† at him when she catches sight of him. Despite this, Eddie looks away which emphasizes tension as it illuminates that there is some unease on Eddie’s part. Beatrice then continues to try and keep the mood light whilst avoiding the words she would have liked to say about her husband’s inappropriate affections. Miller directs her role to be more assertive causing the tension to rise further as what she is saying puts Eddie in a increasingly awkward state. Miller’s range of language devices in the play effectively bring out both character and theme. Alfieri’s language includes the dialogue spoken by an educated man critically aware of the tragic situation that is unraveling: â€Å"Who can ever know what will be discovered? † Miller thereby creates curiosity in the audience through his use of interrogative as well as a sympathetic response to Eddie who by now no longer can control his emotions. That said, Beatrice and Eddie speak in the simple dialect of the Italian American community, â€Å"You crazy or sump’m? † Beatrice (P23). Suggesting that she does not have the capacity to articulate her worries. In this section, Eddie refers to Rodolfo as ‘That’ several times; the absence of pronouns suggest that Eddie does not see Rodolfo as a person, more of a problem or obstacle which he has to overcome to save Catherine. The derogative language also implies sub-human, a reference to an animal, ergo proving that he deems Rodolfo as inadequate and displaying his hostility towards him. Ultimately, Eddie craves to convince Beatrice that Rodolfo is homosexual through facts like Rodolfo blonde and that male singers lack masculinity. Beatrice recognizes Eddie’s suggestions. In the stage directions, Miller writes that, ‘She realizes †¦ a campaign solidified in him. ‘ and as a result she takes a stand telling him, â€Å"Ain’t gonna start nothin’ here. † (P23) Her anger behind Eddie’s innuendos come from her realization of his jealousy as well as the fact that Eddie has not, as was case in 1940’s, fully understood what it is to be homosexual.

Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway Essay

Hemingway’s story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† appears on the surface as a brief and unremarkable vignette written almost all in dialogue, with minimal action and an unclear final resolution, the story is actually a â€Å"watershed† of narrative invention and a radical shift from Hemingway’s usual perspective, as it is most often defined by readers and critics. As Alan Cheuse remarks in his essay â€Å"†Reflections on Dialogue: â€Å"How D’yuh Get t’Eighteent’ Avenoo and Sixty-Sevent’ Street? â€Å"American writers, â€Å"possess an acute ability to create skeins of seemingly natural language that make up a world out of human speech† (Cheuse) and also represent a special gift for create entire worlds through dialogue, as is readily manifest in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants. † Hemingway’s style of natural language is an elementary base of his technique in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants. † Another narrative strategy is that he strips away the expository writing or the direct information to the reader which would help the reader to place the action of the story in context. Rather than weigh down the narrative, Hemingway leaves his story lean and bare, primarily relying on conflict-charged dialogue between the story’s two main characters. By refusing to included background information or even internal monologue on behalf of the two characters, Hemingway â€Å"leaves virtually everything, even what is at issue between the girl and the American, for the reader to â€Å"figure† out,† and this strategy includes the story’s final resolution: whether or not the girl in story opts to have the couple’s child or whether she chooses as is the man’s desire, to have an abortion. The lack of final resolution is notable enough that even critics are left to their own devices to decide what happens to finish the story and conclude the conflict between the two characters. As one scholar commented, â€Å"the ending has seemed stubbornly indeterminate† (Renner); however, the same critic, Renner, has forwarded a compelling theory as to how the resolution of â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† can be deduced from a careful study of its narrative form, imagery, and symbolism, The conflict in the title: the burden of something unwanted — a â€Å"white elephant† — merged with the symbol of hills suggesting rich fertility extends throughout the story, forms its basic theme, and functions as an axis on which the changing attitudes and evolving conflict between the characters spins. In order to integrate the various levels of narrative along Renner’s theoretical lines in order to find the story’s true resolution, the piece must be examined from a formal perspective with due note given to its imagery and symbolism a well as the nuances contained in the story’s plentiful dialogue, (Renner) which leaves the reader able to deduce that the man in the story has indeed been sensitive to the woman’s situation. According to Renner, the story takes place in four distinct â€Å"movements† and these movements are the key components to understanding the resolution of the story. Renner’s distinction of the four movements follows an ascending structure of character development and character conflict: â€Å"In the first movement we are shown the stereotypical passive female, not even knowing her own mind, accustomed to following a masterful male for her direction in life,† the next movement illustrates the girl’s character development toward â€Å"a dramatic realization of her own mind-her own welfare, dreams, and values;† by the third movement, the girl begins to assert herself, and by the fourth and final movement, â€Å"we see the result of her development toward self-realization† which Renner insists reveals, also, the actual conclusion of the story, (Renner). To extrapolate a probable resolution for the conflict in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† it becomes necessary to examine the conflict which lies under the overt abortion-question of the story. If the story is, indeed, about the â€Å"capitulation† of the girl, then her refusal to capitulate is evident form the action of the story. When the girl says â€Å"Would you please, please, please, please, please, please, please stop talking,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ her victory is indicated. The abortion will not be performed and the realization of her independence form the man has been attained. In this way, Hemingway’s story reveals a feminine point of view and a feminine dominance which is usually not associated with his fiction (Renner). Works Cited Cheuse, Alan. â€Å"Reflections on Dialogue: â€Å"How D’yuh Get t’Eighteent’ Avenoo and Sixty-Sevent’ Street? â€Å". † The Antioch Review Spring 2005: 222+. Meyers, Jeffrey, ed. Ernest Hemingway: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge, 1997. Renner, Stanley. â€Å"Moving to the Girl’s Side of â€Å"Hills like White Elephants. â€Å". † The Hemingway Review 15. 1 (1995): 27+.